BATAK PADANGBOLAK PEOPLE
By: Wendy Hutahaean
Batak Padangbolak people or sometimes called Batak Angkola Padangbolak is a native Batak ethnic that live in Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara and Kabupaten Padang Lawas (kecamatan Sosopan only) of North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Long time ago, foreign people classify this people as Batak Mandailing people. However, Batak Padangbolak people speaks Bahasa Batak Angkola Padangbolak, not Bahasa Batak Mandailing eventhough the cultures and costums have a lot of similarities. Nowadays, the people who live in Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara and Kecamatan Sosopan has been recognized as Batak Padangbolak people.
Suku Batak Padangbolak atau sering disebut suku Angkola Padangbolak adalah penduduk yang tinggal di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara dan kecamatan Sosopan (Kabupaten Padang Lawas) di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Traditional Clothes of Batak Padangbolak |
A. The Land
The land of Batak
Padangbolak people covered all districts in Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara and one district in Kabupaten Padang Lawas, which are:
1.
Kec.
Batang Onang, ibokota di Pasar Matanggor
2.
Kec.
Dolok, ibokota di Sipiongot
3.
Kec.
Dolok Sigompulon, ibokota di Pasar Simundol
4.
Kec.
Halongonan, ibokota di Hutaimbaru
5.
Kec.
Hulu Sihapas, ibokota di
6.
Kec.
Padang Bolak, ibokota di Gunung Tua
7.
Kec.
Padang Bolak Julu, ibokota di Batu Gana
8.
Kec.
Portibi, ibokota di Portibi
9.
Kec.
Simangambat, ibokota di Langkimat
10. Kec. Sosopan, ibokota di Sosopan (Kabupaten Padang Lawas)
10. Kec. Sosopan, ibokota di Sosopan (Kabupaten Padang Lawas)
Asal
usul suku Batak Padang Lawas tidak diketahui secara pasti. Tetapi dari
cerita rakyat secara turun temurun yang tersimpan baik pada masyarakat
suku Padang Lawas ini, mengatakan bahwa dahulunya mereka berasal dari
pembauran penduduk setempat dengan orang-orang dari sebuah kerajaan yang
pernah berdiri di wilayah ini. Kemungkinan yang dimaksud dengan
kerajaan itu, adalah Kerajaan Holing atau juga Kerajaan Chola, yang
keduanya berasal dari India, yang pernah berjaya di wilayah ini pada
masa lalu. Di
wilayah Padang Lawas ini banyak ditemukan situs-situs kuno dari era
kerajaan Hindu Kuno, yang diperkirakan usianya lebih tua dari kerajaan
Hindu lainnya di Indonesia.
1. Harahap
2. Siregar
1. Harahap
2. Siregar
Traditional Dance of Batak Padanglawas |
C. Language
Bahasa yang diucapkan oleh masyarakat suku Padang Lawas ini adalah bahasa Padang Lawas, yang termasuk dialek dari bahasa Mandailing, karena terdapat banyak kemiripan yang pada bahasa Padang Lawas ini dengan bahasa Mandailing, hanya saja lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Minangkabau.
Traditional House of Batak Padanglawas |
D. Religion
Masyarakat suku Padang Lawas ini mayoritas adalah pemeluk agama Islam yang taat. Agama Islam di wilayah ini dibawa oleh pasukan Paderi Minangkabau yang menyerang Tanah Batak di daerah Selatan, yang pada saat itu memang sangat rapuh dan tidak memiliki pertahanan sama sekali. Sehingga pasukan Paderi berhasil melumpuhkan wilayah Selatan Tanah Batak, dan mengislamkan hampir seluruh penduduk di wilayah ini.
Masyarakat suku Padang Lawas ini, sebagian besar hidup sebagai petani. Sebagian besar bekerja di perkebunan karet. Selain itu mereka juga bercocok tanam untuk berbagai jenis tanaman sayur-sayuran. Selain itu, memelihara ternak juga menjadi kegiatan sampingan bagi beberapa penduduk di wilayah Padang Lawas ini.
Refferences:
3.
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:k1HVfo8vh0UJ:repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/31756/4/Chapter%2520II.pdf+&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgpWfaaAIUjc7ByVzGiiOdd6RkTfCb-_QsKYRXUyqpHTJLNhRGaZnw6bdoRPvWq4_1DLRmp-jHnwbLAHZd1PvZEPb3w_2jJlWSzhnmk7sOTydeS6tvI4OiaqB40C9HGYpa6t89E&sig=AHIEtbS4OtS3mId4zvTLGnDYvD4uyUJKxw
Eact district
divided in several Luhat each headed by a Head of Luhat (Head of Kuria)
and each Luhat divided in several Kampung headed by a Head Hoofd and
assisted by a Head Ripo if that Kampung owned big population. Onder
afdeeling Angkola Sipirok was formed as a regency headed by a Regent
domiciled in Padangsidimpuan. Onder afdeeling Padang Lawas was formed as
regency headed by a Regent domiciled in Gunung Tua. The
first Regent was Parlindungan Lubis and then replaced by Sutan
Katimbung. Onder afdeeling Mandailing Natal was also formed as a regency
headed by a Regent domiciled in Panyabungan. The first Regent was
Junjungan Lubis and replaced by Fachruddin Nasution.
BRIEF HISTORY OF PADANG LAWAS UTARA REGENCY
At
the of Dutch colonization era, Regency of Tapanuli Selatan was called
Afdeeling Padangsidimpuan headed by a Resident domiciled in
Padangsidimpuan. Afdeeling Padangsidimpuan divided in 3 (three) Onder Afdeeling, each headed by a Conteleur and assisted by a demang, i.e :
1.
Onder Afdeeling Angkola and Sipirok, domiciled in Padangsidimpuan. This
Onder afdeling was divided in 3 district, each headed by Asisten
Demang, i.e :
a. Angkola District domiciled in Padangsidimpuan
b. Batang Toru District domiciled in Batang Toru
c. Sipirok District domiciled in Sipirok
2.
Onder Afdeeling Padang Lawas, domiciled in Sibuhuan. This Onder
Afdeling was divided in 3 districts, each headed by Asisten Demang, i.e :
a. Padang Bolak District domiciled in Gunung Tua
b. Barumun and Sosa District domiciled in Sibuhuan
c. Dolok District domiciled in Sipiongot
3. Onder Afdeeling Mandailing and Natal, domiciled in Kotanopan. This Onder Afdeling was divided in 5 onder distrik, each headed by Asisten Demang, i.e :
a. Panyabungan District domiciled in Panyabungan
b. Kota Nopan District domiciled in Kota Nopan
c. Muara Sipongi District domiciled in Muara Sipongi
d. Natal District domiciled in Natal
e. Batang Natal District domiciled in Muarasoma
After
Dutch Troops invaded Padangsidimpuan and Gunung Tua, the administration
of Government remain the same as it was, but The Regent Office was
moved to a safe area which has not been invaded by the Dutch. After
Republic of Indonesia accept the sovereignty by the end of 1949, the
division of Governance Prefecture whole changed as well. Since
early 1950 the Area of Tapanuli Selatan was unified and the entire
existing officer in the office of Regent of Angkola Sipirok, Padang
Lawas and Mandailing Natal unified as the officer the Regency of
Tapanuli Selatan office which were domiciling in Padangsidimpuan.
At the term when Tapanuli
Selatan Regency headed by Raja Junjungan Lubis, there was an addition
of the 6 districts which then made the regency consists of 17 districts.
The 6 addition were :
1.Batang Angkola District was taken apart from Padangsidimpuan District, with the capital in Pintu Padang.
2. Siabu District was formed from part of Panyabungan District with the capital in Siabu.
3.SD Hole District was formed from part of Sipirok District with the capital in Sipagimbar.
4.Sosa District was formed from part of Barumun District with the capital in Pasar Ujung Batu.
5.Sosopan District was formed from part of Barumun and Sosa District with capital in Sosopan.
6.Barumun Tengah District was formed from part of Padang Bolak District with the capital in Binanga.
On
30 November 1982, Padangsidimpuan district was devided in 4 districts
by forming East Padangsidimpuan, West Padangsidimpuan, North
Padangsidimpuan, And South Padangsidimpuan, by the same time
Padangsidimpuan was formed an Administrative Town of Padangsidimpuan
consisted of the Sub Districts, i.e : North Padangsidimpuan and South Padangsidimpuan. (PP Number 32 year 1982). At the year 1992 Natal district was devided in 3 different district, i.e :
1. Natal with the capital of Natal
2. Muara Batang Gadis with the capital in Singkuang.
3. Batahan with the capital in Batahan.
In 1992 the Siais district was formed with the capital in Simarpinggan, which was extracted from of Padangsidimpuan Barat District. Afterwards in 1996 pursuant to PP. in RI. Number 1, 1996 dated 3 January 1996, Halongonan District with capital Huta Imbaru was formed extracted from part of Padang Bolak.
By
the issuance of law Number 12, 1998 effective on 23 November 1998
regarding the formation of the Regency of Mandailing Natal, the Regency
of Tapanuli Selatan became 2 (two) regencies, i.e : Regency
of Mandailing Natal (in Panyabungan) with 8 districts and Regency of
Tapanuli Selatan (in Padangsidimpuan) with 16 districts. Later
on, pursuant to PP.RI Number 43 1999 dated 26 Mei 1999, several new
districts were formed in Tapanuli Selatan regency, i.e :
In
2002 pursuant to Perda (Regional Government and Regulation) Tapanuli
Selatan Regency Number 4, 2002 regarding the formation of Sayur
Matinggi, Marancar, Aek Bilah, Ulu Barumun, Lubuk Barumun, Portibi, Huta
Raja Tinggi, Batang Lubu Sutam, Simangambat, and Huristak Districts.
The new districts formed, were :
1.Sosopan District became 2 districts that is Sosopan district with the capital in Sosopan and Batang Onang District with the capital in Pasar Matanggor.
2.Padang
Bolak District became 2 districst that is Padang Bolak district with
the capital in Gunung Tua and Padang Bolak Julu district with the capital in Batu Gana.
3.Sipirok
District became 2 districts that is Sipirok district with the capital
in Sipirok and Arse district with the capital in Arse.
4.Dolok District became 2 districts that is Dolok district with the capital in Sipiongot and Dolok Sigompulon district with the capital in Pasar Simundol.
- Sayur Matinggi District was extracted from Batang Angkola District with the capital in Sayur Matinggi
- Marancar District was extracted from Batang Toru District with the capital in Marancar.
- Aek Bilah District was extracted from Saipar Dolok Hole District with the capital in Biru
- Ulu Barumun District was extracted from Barumun District with the capital in Pasar Paringgonan.
- Lubuk Barumun District was extracted from Barumun District with the capital in Pasar Latong.
- Portibi District was extracted from Padang Bolak District with the capital in Portibi.
- Huta Raja Tinggi District was extracted from Sosa District with the capital in Huta Raja Tinggi.
- Batang Lubu Sutam District was extracted from Sosa District with the capital in Pinarik.
- Simangambat District was extracted from Barumun Tengah District with the capital in Langkimat.
- Huristak District was extracted from Barumun Tengah District with the capital in Huristak.
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