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Thursday 28 March 2013

Batak Angkola People (English Version)

BATAK ANGKOLA PEOPLE
By: Wendy Hutahaean


Batak Angkola People is a Batak ethnic that live in Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan and Kota Padangsidempuan of North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The name of "Angkola" is taken from the name of a river in Tapanuli Selatan, sungai Batang Angkola. Long time ago, that name  was given by King Rajendra Chola I of Chola Kingdom (1014 - 1044) who come to the land from southern India. There was a disease that killed people of Chola Kingdom and forced them to leave the land. Some years after the disappearance of Chola Kingdom, Ompu Jolak Maribu Dalimunthe came to Angkola land and built the first new village in that land called Sitamiang. After that, he founded Pargarutan as a village to sharpen the sword and Tanggal as a village to create a Bataknese calendar or day.

Traditional Clothes of Batak Angkola



A. The Land

The land of Batak Angkola covered Kota Padang Sidempuan and Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan that consists of some districts (kecamatan) whict are:

1.    Kec. Aek Bilah
2.    Kec. Angkola Barat
3.    Kec. Angkola Selatan
4.    Kec. Angkola Timur
5.    Kec. Arse
6.    Kec. Batang Angkola
7.    Kec. Batang Toru
8.    Kec. Marancar
9.    Kec. Muara Batang Toru
10. Kec. Saipar Dolok Hole
11. Kec. Sayur Matinggi
12. Kec. Siais
13. Kec. Sipirok


Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

There is a significant number of Batak Angkola people live in three districts of Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Those districts are:

1.    Kec. Pahae Jae
2.    Kec. Purbatua
3.    Kec. Siamngumban

In addition, in Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah, people of Batak Angkola mostly live in the districts:

1.    Kec. Badiri
2.    Kec. Pinangsori
3.    Kec. Lumut
4.    Kec. Sibabangun
5.    Kec. Sukabangun

Batang Angkola river divide the land of Batak Angkola into two areas, northen side is called Angkola Julu (upstream) and southern part is called Angkola Jae (downstream).


B. Marga

Batak Angkola people have "marga" that shows the identity of their original ancestor or family. This familiy name is derived from  father lineage (patrilineal) that will be continued to his male descent continiously. Female descent will follow the family name of her husband after mariage. The example of "marga" in Batak Angkola that live (marbona pasogit) in Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan are:


1.    Dalimunthe, di daerah Sigalangan - Batang Angkola sekitarnya
2.    Harahap, di daerah Sidempuan sekitarnya
3.    Siregar, di daerah Sipirok sekitarnya
4.    Ritonga, di daerah Sipirok sekitarnya
5.    Daulay, di daerah Pintu Padang - Batang Angkola sekitarnya
6.    Pane, di darah Arse

Traditional House of Batak Angkola

Batak Angkola people are related to another Batak ethnic that live in the north like Batak Toba, Batak Samosir, Batak Humbang and Batak Silindung. For example, Siregar in Batak Angkola and Batak Humbang have the same ancestor. Harahap in Batak Angkola also has the same ancestor to Batak Batak Silindung. Batak Angkola also related to Batak Mandailing and Batak Padanglawas.

C. Language

Batak Angkola Language is the language spoken by Batak Angkola people in Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Some anthropologist, classify the language into Batak Angkola Mandailing Language because Batak Angkola language and Batak Mandailing language has a lot of similarities. In fact, the intonation of Batak Angkola language is more subtle than Batak Toba language but it is more coarse than Batak Mandailing language. Besides that, Batak Angkola has similarities in culture and costum to Batak Mandailing.

Traditional Dance of Batak Angkola

The habbit of roaming all over the world is popular among Batak Angkola People. Because of the habbit, Batak Silindung people is well known everywhere. The term of "Horas", a greetings from Batak Toba, Samosir, Humbang, Silindung, Sibolga, Angkola, Mandailing and Simalungun is also popular to greet all Batak people. Batak Silindung people is spreading all over Indonesia and Worldwide.
D. Religion

Majority people of Batak Angkola are Islam after the imposed under swords by Tuanku Lelo Nasution during Padri War (1821) from Minangkabau. Some people secretly embrase traditional Batak religion like Malim and Pelebegu. They hold on those traditional religion until Dutch Missionaries introduce them to Christianity. Batak Angkola people who believe in Christ now has their own church called Gereja Kristen Protestan Angkola (GKPA).
 
Batak Angkola Church


Basically, Batak Angkola people live as rice or crops farmer. They grow vegetables, coffee and other perennials. Some of them raising livestock such as chicken, duck, goose, buffalo and cow. Nowadays, they also work in different types job such as merchandise,  office jobs, in private and public sector. There are a lot of Batak Humbang People who become successful person in foreign country such as having an important position in government and having a successful business.
 

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